Making the Most of Small Apartments - Smart Storage Solutions

 

The popularity of the book by Marie Kondo – "The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up: The Japanese Art of Decluttering and Organizing" – a New York Times bestseller, has people interested in achieving a streamlined, clutter free living. It is said that clutter-free and well organized spaces make you more creative and productive while also increasing your feelings of freedom and joy.
This certainly seems like a valuable goal to reach for. In fact, in cities like New York, with limited space in one’s home, clutter reduction is not only a choice but a necessity!

If one lives in a small space, a reality for most New Yorkers, as items get accumulated, the living space rapidly feels smaller and actually gets restrictive. Kitchen counters in suburban settings that comfortably manage juicers, coffee machines, fruit-baskets, knife racks etc. find it hard to do so in a dense urban situation. Similarly, retaining a separate room for a home office is a luxury rarely afforded to the City’s natives – and the resulting desk in the living room or bedroom significantly reduces the size of the room, all the while adding to the potential of clutter.

It is no surprise that many of our City clients ask for creative solutions to streamline their apartments. In response we have made it a point to spend considerable energy and time designing built-in storage and furniture that enables multi-purpose uses by stowing / hiding away utility items when they are not in use.

In this article, we share some techniques and ideas how to maximize efficient storage and create solutions for equipment to appear and disappear as needed. Enabled in this manner it keeps rooms tidy and clean in addition to increasing the overall usable square footage.
A famous holistic example of multi-functional space usage is that of micro-apartments. A clip featuring one of our designs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Ue7B89PIM) shows space-saving storage and moveable furniture solutions.
Although not everyone wants to live in a micro-apartment, the solutions we describe are useful in regular sized apartments as well. Some can even be retrofit into existing cabinets. Here are some examples with suggestions and techniques we use.

1. Built-in storage below windows:
Most New York City apartments have PTAC Units, Radiators or AC Units located below windows. Unsightly and cluttering from a visual and physical perspective, they are the basis of our most frequent client request. As part of a solution to hide them, we double down and design millwork to create more storage and usable counter space. The example below shows built-in cabinetry designed for a one bedroom apartment in Chelsea. The PTAC unit is hidden behind a white matte-lacquer wood enclosure with added cabinets on both sides. As you will see from the “before” and “after” images, the room feels more spacious with the PTAC unit and dresser combined into one wall to wall millwork piece. Note from the provided cross sections how the wall-unit’s functionality is not compromised. 

Before

After

2. Stow away your office.
As mentioned above, most people living in cities don't have an extra room for their office, and don't want their desk and office equipment on display in the living room – the usual de-facto office of a cramped NYC apartment.
Featured here is a project showing cabinetry designed for the client with a fold-out desk. One of the cabinets contains a desk which slides and folds out for use while the one next to it contains the printer, modem, paper supply, etc. The laptop can be slotted on the fold-out desk and stowed away with the desk in the cabinet, saving time and space at the same time.

Desk is folded back into the cabinet

Desk is being folded out

3. Hidden TV – Entertainment when you need it.
For many clients, a TV on continuous display makes little aesthetic. They may rather prefer to hang art on the wall, an uninterrupted view through a window or maybe just a smooth, clean, object-free surface. In the tight space shown below, a TV on the counter or wall would have either blocked the view out of the window or taken up valuable wall space.
The solution is to lower the TV into the cabinets using a lift, when it is not in use. As the photographs show, the built in lift raises the TV to sit above the cabinet, ready for viewing, then lowers it back to storage when not in use – and provides for a clean, uncluttered living space. 

Living Room, TV sits in lower cabinet

4. Dressers – going deep with shallow solutions. 

What do you do if your bedroom does not fit a dresser, but you need one? One solution is to install a dresser that is shallower than standard store bought options. The depth of regular dressers ranges from 15 to 21 inches. The drawers are between 13 and 19 inches deep. However, if the drawers are for socks, undergarment or folded shirts stacked lengthwise, drawers of 9-10 inches depth are sufficient.
A built-in dresser saves another inch or two. This is often all it takes to provide significant storage in a tight space without compromise.  In the example below we show the cross section of a floor-to-ceiling dresser for a small bedroom. The overall depth is only 12 inches (from wall to front of dresser) and the drawers just 10 inches deep. The top section is for shirts and jackets where a valet hanger system is used to rack them parallel to the door, instead of sideways as in a regular 24 inch closet.
In the example shown, the client has the option either to use the hanger system or put in removable shelves the millworker has already provided. 

Floor to Ceiling Dresser

Valet hanger system

5. Closet doors – make space, don’t take space.
In an apartment renovation, if existing closet doors are to be replaced, a convenient way to increase storage is by making existing storage more accessible. We often suggest increasing closet door height. A regular closet door is either 6 feet 8 inches or 7 feet. The highest shelf is installed at about 5 feet 6 inches We enlarging the existing openings, installing an additional shelves at ca. 6 feet 8 inches and new doors that are either 8 feet or all the way to the ceiling. They might not match the doors of the room, but where space is limited the additional shelving and accessibility is a welcome benefit. While replacing, consider using bi-fold or sliding doors so that space in the room can be functionally utilized instead of being reserved for the doors to swing open.

Foyer closet with 8 foot pocket doors 

Floor to ceiling doors

In conclusion, we hope these techniques and methodologies have been useful in giving you some ideas. We would love to hear from you if you have any suggestions, other useful ideas – or if you want to share your experience with small spaces.

Thanks!

Closet with bi-fold doors

Passive House Apartment in the East Village

We are very happy to announce that we just finished a unique apartment renovation with an extensive energy retrofit using the Passive House techniques.

This is only the second apartment in New York City to have Passive House methods implemented. We faced challenges in the configuration of the apartment, as well as with the exterior walls and window openings which we could not change. The retrofit hasresulted in a significant reduction in energy use, improved indoor air quality and a noticeably reduced outside noise. The apartment residents now have a quieter, cleaner and more energy efficient apartment with smaller variations in temperature through the day and year.

Living and Dining Room

Bedroom

What is a Passive House?

Passepedia defines it as the following:
"Passive House is a building standard that is truly energy efficient, comfortable and affordable at the same time. Passive House is not a brand name, but a tried and true construction concept that can be applied by anyone, anywhere.
Yet, a Passive House is much more than “just” a low-energy building:

-Passive Houses allow for space heating and cooling related energy savings of up to 90% compared with typical building stock and over 75% compared to average new builds. Passive Houses use less than 1.5 l of oil or 1.5 m3 of gas to heat one square meter of living space for a year – substantially less than common “low- energy” buildings. Vast energy savings have been demonstrated in warm climates where typical buildings also require active cooling.

- Passive Houses make efficient use of the sun, internal heat sources and heat recovery, rendering conventional heating systems unnecessary throughout even the coldest of winters. During warmer months, Passive Houses make use of passive cooling techniques such as strategic shading to keep comfortably cool. -Passive Houses are praised for the high level of comfort they offer. Internal surface temperatures vary little from indoor air temperatures, even in the face of extreme outdoor temperatures. Appropriate windows and a building envelope consisting of a highly insulated roof and floor slab as well as highly insulated exterior walls keep the desired warmth in the house – or undesirable heat out.

-A ventilation system imperceptibly supplies constant fresh air, making for superior air quality without unpleasant draughts. A highly efficient heat recovery unit allows for the heat contained in the exhaust air to be re-used.” (http://www.passipedia.org/)

Living and Dining Room

When our client approached us in 2013 interested in refurbishing her apartment into a Passive House apartment, we knew it would not be easy. She had two main reasons to want this extensive energy retrofit: 1. The apartment was heated with three gas heaters, which were in need of replacement and she wanted an alternative, and 2. A night club off her backyard generated an inordinate amount of noise which she wanted reduced in her apartment. Having done her own research she already knew, before contacting us, that both issues could be solved by implementing Passive House methods. An informed client is the best client – and in this case that adage holds true many times over.
In general, a deep energy retrofit is done for an entire building, and that is almost the only way to guarantee a continuous airtight layer around the space and a “thermal bridge free” design - both very important for a low energy building - in a reasonable budget. An additional issue that added a degree of difficulty was that the apartment was on the highest floor with low ceilings and a small rectangular extension in the back connected by a narrow uninsulated corridor. This limited the thickness of the insulation layer we could install in the walls and roof (see floor plan below).

Due to the rules of the Co-op building, we were also constrained from making any changes to the exterior envelope / walls. Windows sizes and location were dictated by the existing openings. We were also not allowed to add exterior shading nor an extra layer of insulation on top of the existing roof.

This was our solution:

Air Barrier and Insulation:

In order to keep the construction cost reasonable we insulated and provided an airtight layer only on the exterior walls and roof; we chose not to do so on interior walls where the apartment was adjacent to another conditioned space. We added as much insulation as we could using dense pack cellulose in all the walls and ceiling. We chose dense pack cellulose insulation for it’s ability to store condensation moisture and release it over time. For the air barrier we used a membrane, Intello, which also functions as a smart vapor retarder (https://proclima.com/systems/intello/how-it- works). Any stored moisture can be evaporated to the inside of the building during the summer. This membrane was installed on the inside due to the existing masonry structure of the building. It is taped to the windows and at all penetrations. This is very important. there should be no penetration of this barrier, as it would lose its effectiveness. In order to minimize penetrations through the membrane, we installed a service cavity on top of the Intello using 3x2 battens so that wires, outlets and AC lines can be run through them without disrupting the air barrier. This service cavity is also insulated. (See detail section and images below). The air barrier tightness was checked with a blower door test. All penetrations and even the smallest holes where taped and sealed.

Walls with new wood studs and ceiling with Intello

All air barrier joints are taped

Service cavity battens and Light tube in bathroom for natural light

Windows:

We used triple-pane Klearwall aluminum windows which have a low U-value, are thermally broken and airtight (see http://www.klearwall.com/Windows/passiv-alup.html, http://www.klearwall.com/Windows/passiv-alup.html). Triple-pane windows are a must for Passive House construction in the Northern Climate zone. The double hung windows which are typically used in New York City are not feasible for a "low-energy" building, as they are too leaky- creating draughts and let letting conditioned air escape to the outside. The solar tube in the bathroom is airtight, thermally broken and insulated to reduce energy loss in the winter and overheating in the summer (https://foursevenfive.com/product-category/fenestration/lightway-solar-tubes/).

Solar tube in bathroom and Tilt and turn bedroom window

Ventilation:

As we created an airtight envelope on all exterior surfaces of the apartment , a mechanical ventilation system is needed to supply the apartment with fresh air. Each room had an existing gas heater which we removed and we reused the openings to install a through-wall ventilation unit with heat recovery.(http://www.lunos.de/en/product/e_with_heat_recovery/). These units supply the apartment with fresh outdoor air while ejecting stale air from inside the space. Heating/cooling losses are minimized (with an efficiency of 90%) with a heat-exchange within the units. Energy losses are minimal and the apartment is supplied with a constant flow of fresh air. Windows can be opened or closed, as in a normal building, but it is just not needed for ventilation anymore. In fact, using a ventilation system such as this keeps the space better ventilated than a regular building with less temperature loss and thermal variation.

Lunos e2 in bedroom wall

Heating and Cooling:

For heating and cooling we installed two of the smallest ductless Mitsubishi Mini-Split units. While one unit would have been enough to cover the heating and cooling demand, the unusual shape of the apartment forced us to install two.

Mini split unit for heating and cooling

In summary the overall look of the apartment is simple and understated. The light coming in through the windows is bright, yet does not overheat the apartment. The apartment stayed surprisingly cool during the hottest weeks even without the AC being used. We are very excited with the result and look forward to the winter months to assess the overall energy saving and quality.

Living Dining Room

Kitchen

Bedroom

We conducted an open house where architects, clients and Passive House practitioners visited to review the results.  Here is a little comment we received from a fellow architect after she walked through the apartment:

"I had the opportunity to tour an apt coop unit that had just undergone gut-rehab -- but via energy-saving Passive House construction techniques, thanks to Stefanie's expertise and a forward-thinking client. I remarked on how the super-insulated walls created deep, crisp window jambs, actually complementing DAS Studio's elegant minimalist design. Then I noticed all the sunlight streaming-in through the super-insulated efficient windows, yet how comfortable the temperature was inside (even though we were at the top floor of a 1920's brick building in the sweltering summer). Only 2 split AC/heating units are needed to serve the entire apt. Talk about energy savings! But one of the best revelations came near the end of my visit, when I acknowledged how calm the space felt. I realized this was because it was so quiet. The air barrier tightness and super-insulation of Passive House technology truly does keep the noise out.

..... It’s a perfect integration of elegant design with environmentally responsible methods and materials."

Please contact us with any questions and comments at: info@das-studio.us. We will be happy to provide additional information and details.

Bathroom and Kitchen

 

Turning Challenges into Opportunities

In recent years we feel the real effects of climate change with ever more intensity. Just this June (2016) was the hottest month on record in the contiguous US . 2014 and 2015 are the hottest years on record globally - with records starting 150 years ago. It is almost certain that 2016 will beat the previous records, which will make it the third hottest year on record in a row. The earth is warming at a dangerous rate and it is a threat for all of humanity and life as we know it. Cities like New York, mainly built on islands and with over 520 miles of shore line, are especially vulnerable. The change in climate is threatening the city in various ways; most seriously by rising sea level rise, but also by extreme storms and heat waves as we have experienced in recent years.  Therefore New York State and the City of New York has set the ambitious goal to reduce Greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent by 2050. To reach this goal New York City alone needs to reduce 43 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions of which 25 million metric tons come from energy used in buildings. http://www1.nyc.gov/html/onenyc/visions/sustainability/goal-1-sustain.html

One proven solution is to construct buildings to Passive House standard. Passive House standard reduces the energy use of a building by 75-90%, compared to an average of the existing building stock. The 2016 Energy Code is another step in that direction. But the goal set by State and City can, however, only be reached if the existing buildings can be retrofitted into energy efficient buildings. 

This is simultaneously agreat challenge and also a great opportunity for architects and the building industry at large. Innovationand new ways of thinking are required. A strong partnership between Passive House Standard architects, contractors and manufacturers is imperative to achieve these goals. New York City and New York State have put forth several initiatives to facilitate the necessary changes in the energy use of buildings. For those interested in in-depth information, please review:http://www.nyc.gov/html/builttolast/pages/solution/solution.shtml, https://www.ny.gov/programs/reforming-energy-vision-rev

At the North American Passive House conferences in June NYSERDA (New York State Energy Research and Development Authority) introduced their plan to promote and facilitate deep energy retrofits for all off the 1.7 million Affordable Housing Units in New York State over the next 20 years. The energy retrofitting of those units will address a number of needs and constraints, including:

  • Aging stock: Capital needs/ capital constraint
  • Resident health, comfort and affordability
  • Resident relocation issue

Eventually NYSERDA hopes that his initiative will lead to the adoption of the tools and methods for deep energy retrofits for the entire housing market.

NYSERDA's role in this process would be to accelerate innovations and testing solutions, which includes; identifying specific buildings as pilots, Technology Agnostic (unbiased towards the use of different technology tools) and conducting open competitions as well as creating the right environment for those innovations, including:

  • Regulatory framework: address regulatory barriers
  • Financial tools: underwriting, credit enhancement, social bonds insurance backstop, HUD, etc.
  • Supply chain development

One of the major difficulties that needs to be solved is the How. How can 1.7 million Affordable Housing units be deep energy retrofitted while still being occupied. New ways of construction and refurbishing are required. One of the working examples NYSERDA was investigating is a very successful project in the Netherlands. It is the Dutch model Energysprong, which is now adopted by multiple European countries.

Image from

https://passivehouseplus.ie/magazine/insight/energiesprong

The image above is an Energiepsrong project that is turning old terraced housing into modern net zero energy homes through the installation of new insulated external roof and wall panels that completely transform the properties. The process is done by using prefabricated panels and most houses can be retrofitted within a week, with minimal disturbance for the residents because the majority of the work is on the exterior. The links below provide more information:

http://www.energypost.eu/zero-energy-zero-cost-industrialising-building-sector/

https://passivehouseplus.ie/magazine/insight/energiesprong

As you can see from the webpages it works for all kinds of aesthetics and building materials. The big challenge for cities like New York is if this can be done for high and medium rise buildings as well. Watch a building being retrofitted using prefabricated panels: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcnZVRG419Y. NYSERDA is hoping to receive feedback from the Passive House community on building typology (what can be done), code and supply chain hurdles and take part in the design competitions, which NYSERDA is planning to launch.

For updates see:

http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/Business-and-Industry/Housing-and-Development

The Construction of our Micro Apartment

More images will follow, but here is a little taste. The General Contractor is testing our foldable wall and bunk beds during construction.

The Beginning

Resource Furniture beds and lower cabinets are installed

Red cabinet and soffit cabinets are being installed

Bathroom/ medicine cabinet door

Sliding panel for painting is installed

All cabinets but movable kitchen island are in

Folding wall in front of bunk beds in open position

Micro Apartment Design

Foyer and Gallery Space




















Early in 2014, the owners of a small Manhattan studio approached DAS Studio with a request to convert their 320 sqft space into a high-functioning micro-apartment. The desire was to have all the functionality of a full-sized apartment within the footprint of this tiny studio. On taking on this challenge, we identified the minimal design objective of needing to incorporate four fully functional spaces into one room - a dining room seating 12, a master bedroom, guest room for two. The owners also needed enough storage space for their extensive china collection, hanging space to display their art collection, including a 4' x 10' painting and room for an entertainment system. Further, space needed to be accounted for a work desk that could be separated from the sleeping area in case one of the owners were still asleep. We set out to achieve all the above while still creating a space that was open and generous.


The following renderings showing the different possible apartment configurations. Photos of the apartment will follow soon.



During day time a living

During night time a master bedroom with guest bedroom option
During day time master bed becomes a couch and guest beds collapse behind folding wall
During night time master bed opens over couch and guest beds pull out behind folding wall 
Daytime configuration with couch and sliding panel/ art wall
Night time configuration with master bed and folding wall




Passive House Designer

We are happy to announce that Stefanie Werner of DAS Studio received the Certification as a Passive House Designer. Passive Houses require only 10- 20% of the energy a conventional building requires and provide a healthier living environments. We are looking forward moving towards sustainable  planet.




For more information on Passive Houses and why they are so great see:


Or contact us at info@das-studio.us. We will be happy to explain



DAS Guest Blogger Francisco

Which comes first the chicken or the well-designed egg?

Does a chicken have a sense of style? Does the design of a chicken coop affect egg production? Do country chickens live in shabby coops while urban chickens reside in contemporary abodes? These are some of the questions that came to my mind when I found this:

http://www.nogg.co/

This is indeed a beautifully designed chicken coop. The idea of a chicken roosting in an egg is a clever one that might inspire meditation on recursion. And, of course, this coop would look fabulous in a modernist backyard. I must admit, I am easily seduced by beautiful well-made things.

But what if we asked a chicken what it thinks of this? It might say, “I’m not a fussy chick. All I need is a place that keeps me dry and safe. So yes, this would work but here’s the challenge. The price of this beautiful chicken house is £1950.00 (currently $3,146.52) not including shipping etc. That’s a lot of eggs to lay to pay for this fabulous house.” Does this foreshadow a chicken house foreclosure scandal in our future? Who knows? All I know is that if I were that chicken I’d look for a couple of heavy laying sisters as housemates.

May your roost be finely feathered,
Francisco

P.S. No chickens were hurt during the writing of this blog entry.



Due to Francisco's chicken coop post some readers have expressed an interest in egg-shaped dwellings for humans. Therefore, we think you might be interested in this (click on link):


Francisco A. de León is a graphic designer with a Bachelor of Architecture. We enjoy his sharp wit and keen observations. He will periodically guest post on our blog. We hope you enjoyed his "eggcentric" point of view.